Key facts for this chapter (10)

• Canada has three founding peoples: Aboriginal, French and British.
• Aboriginal peoples are made up of First Nations, Métis and Inuit.
• First Nations make up roughly two thirds of the Aboriginal population, Métis about 30%, and Inuit about 4%.
• Inuit means 'the people' in Inuktitut, and Inuit live mainly in the Arctic.
• The Métis are of mixed Aboriginal and European ancestry, live mostly in the Prairie provinces, and many speak Michif.
• From the 1800s to the 1980s, Aboriginal children were placed in residential schools to assimilate them. The federal government apologized in 2008.
• English and French are the two official languages and have equal status in Parliament and government.
• Most French speakers live in Quebec, but about a million francophones live in Ontario, the West and the Atlantic provinces.
• Acadians are the descendants of French colonists who began settling the Maritimes in 1604.
• Between 1755 and 1763, more than two thirds of Acadians were deported in what is called the Great Upheaval.

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